The monograph examines the activities of the Comintern in gaining positions among the peasants and their political organizations in order to win them over to the cause of the "world revolution". The most active period of the Comintern's activity in this area is examined: 1923-1931, when the Peasant International (Krestintern) created by it was in operation, with the help of which the Comintern hoped to penetrate the peasant movement. The Comintern's concept of the policy of the communist parties towards peasant parties and organizations is analyzed. On the basis of rich documentary material, its application to the peasant parties in the Balkans is specifically revealed - the Bulgarian Peasant People's Union in Bulgaria; the Croatian Peasant Party, the Farmers' Union and the Agrarian Party in Yugoslavia; the National Tsarist Party in Romania, the Agrarian Party and the Republican Union in Greece. The ways and means of attracting the peasant parties to the side of the communist movement are revealed. The experience of organizing the so-called "peasant committee movement" in the late 1920s and early 1930s is also examined. The reasons for the failure of the Comintern's policy among the peasants and their organizations in the Balkans are clarified.