This monograph examines the theoretical issues in medical science in relation to certain fundamental philosophical categories, tracing the influence of the major trends in contemporary philosophy on medicine. However, the author’s work in this area is not purely theoretical or abstract in nature. Directly or indirectly, it relates to the problems of clinical medicine and, consequently, to the practical work of physicians and the medical team as a whole. In this regard, questions regarding causality in medicine, the wholeness of the organism, the hierarchy of its functions, its adaptation and self-regulation, and the relationship between the mental and the somatic occupy an important place. The positions advocated lead to a comprehensive justification of the theoretical foundations of psychosomatic medicine.